2025-11-01
This dataset include 62 confirmed cases admitted from 2018-08-05 to 2019-05-13.
55% girls and 29% children ≤5 years .
20 confirmed deaths reported for an average CFR of 32%.
| Characteristic | Adult N = 3861 |
Children (<18) N = 621 |
p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at admission | – | – | 0.00 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 33 (18, 71) | 10 (0, 17) | – |
| Age Group | – | – | 0.00 |
| <2 | 0 (0%) | 10 (16%) | – |
| 2-5 | 0 (0%) | 8 (13%) | – |
| 5-12 | 0 (0%) | 20 (32%) | – |
| 12-17 | 0 (0%) | 24 (39%) | – |
| 18+ | 386 (100%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Gender | – | – | 0.75 |
| Male | 166 (43%) | 28 (45%) | – |
| Female | 220 (57%) | 34 (55%) | – |
| Patient occupation | – | – | 0.02 |
| Healthcare worker | 45 (19%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Non-healthcare worker | 111 (47%) | 21 (68%) | – |
| Unknown | 78 (33%) | 10 (32%) | – |
| Is the patient pregnant? | 15 (3.9%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0.71 |
| Does the patient have any comorbid conditions? | 8 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.61 |
| Diabetes | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| HIV | 3 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Bleeding | 33 (8.5%) | 7 (11%) | 0.48 |
| Fever | 197 (51%) | 51 (82%) | 0.00 |
| Diarrhoea | 142 (37%) | 17 (27%) | 0.15 |
| Shock | 2 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Confusion | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Ebola RDT | – | – | 1.00 |
| Oraquick | 4 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Not done | 313 (99%) | 49 (100%) | – |
| Admission Delay | – | – | 0.62 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 4.0 (0.0, 34.0) | 4.0 (0.0, 39.0) | – |
| Ct (lowest) | – | – | 0.30 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 24 (15, 42) | 23 (16, 40) | – |
| Result of GeneXpert PCR | – | – | 0.36 |
| Positive | 322 (99%) | 50 (98%) | – |
| Negative | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (2.0%) | – |
| Indeterminate | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Platelets (x10⁹/L) | – | – | 0.41 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 168 (27, 385) | 106 (88, 164) | – |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | – | – | 0.40 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 13.30 (9.00, 17.90) | 12.00 (10.60, 13.80) | – |
| Calcium (mmol/L) US | – | – | 0.57 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 8.20 (4.00, 10.40) | 8.50 (7.50, 9.70) | – |
| Hyperkaliemia | 5 (1.3%) | 2 (3.2%) | 0.25 |
| Hypokaliemia | 10 (2.6%) | 1 (1.6%) | 1.00 |
| Renal impairment | 41 (11%) | 3 (4.8%) | 0.16 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 17 (4.4%) | 2 (3.2%) | 1.00 |
| Severe hypoglycemia | 6 (1.6%) | 1 (1.6%) | 1.00 |
| Oral/orogastric fluids | 64 (17%) | 13 (21%) | 0.40 |
| Antibacterial treatment | 326 (84%) | 52 (84%) | 0.91 |
| Antimalarial treatment | 285 (74%) | 43 (69%) | 0.46 |
| Ebola experimental treatment | 170 (44%) | 25 (40%) | 0.58 |
| Type of Ebola experimental treament | – | – | 0.37 |
| None | 219 (57%) | 37 (60%) | – |
| Remdesivir (GS-5734) | 53 (14%) | 5 (8.1%) | – |
| Zmapp | 7 (1.8%) | 1 (1.6%) | – |
| mAb114 | 64 (17%) | 15 (24%) | – |
| REGN3470-3471-3479 | 43 (11%) | 4 (6.5%) | – |
| Outcome at discharge | – | – | 0.48 |
| Death | 126 (33%) | 20 (32%) | – |
| Full recovery with sequelae | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Full recovery without sequelae | 216 (56%) | 31 (50%) | – |
| Referred to another facility | 2 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Unknown | 41 (11%) | 11 (18%) | – |
| 1 n (%) | |||
| 2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test | |||
| Characteristic | <2 N = 101 |
2-5 N = 81 |
5-12 N = 201 |
12-17 N = 241 |
p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at admission | – | – | – | – | 0.00 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 1.0 (0.0, 1.9) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 8.0 (5.0, 11.0) | 15.0 (12.0, 17.0) | – |
| Gender | – | – | – | – | 0.15 |
| Male | 6 (60%) | 3 (38%) | 12 (60%) | 7 (29%) | – |
| Female | 4 (40%) | 5 (63%) | 8 (40%) | 17 (71%) | – |
| Patient occupation | – | – | – | – | 0.45 |
| Non-healthcare worker | 3 (60%) | 3 (75%) | 10 (83%) | 5 (50%) | – |
| Unknown | 2 (40%) | 1 (25%) | 2 (17%) | 5 (50%) | – |
| Is the patient pregnant? | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.2%) | 1.00 |
| Bleeding | 0 (0%) | 2 (25%) | 3 (15%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0.33 |
| Fever | 9 (90%) | 8 (100%) | 15 (75%) | 19 (79%) | 0.50 |
| Diarrhoea | 2 (20%) | 1 (13%) | 5 (25%) | 9 (38%) | 0.55 |
| Ebola RDT | – | – | – | – | – |
| Not done | 8 (100%) | 7 (100%) | 16 (100%) | 18 (100%) | – |
| Admission Delay | – | – | – | – | 0.00 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 1 (0, 5) | 2 (1, 10) | 4 (0, 32) | 7 (0, 39) | – |
| Ct (lowest) | – | – | – | – | 0.25 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 30 (18, 37) | 23 (17, 36) | 23 (16, 40) | 22 (16, 36) | – |
| Result of GeneXpert PCR | – | – | – | – | 0.33 |
| Positive | 9 (90%) | 7 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 17 (100%) | – |
| Negative | 1 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Platelets (x10⁹/L) | – | – | – | – | 0.22 |
| Median (Min, Max) | -- | -- | 164 (164, 164) | 97 (88, 106) | – |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | – | – | – | – | 0.22 |
| Median (Min, Max) | -- | -- | 10.60 (10.60, 10.60) | 12.90 (12.00, 13.80) | – |
| Hyperkaliemia | 1 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.47 |
| Hypokaliemia | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.2%) | 1.00 |
| Renal impairment | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (13%) | 0.37 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0.27 |
| Severe hypoglycemia | 0 (0%) | 1 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.13 |
| Oral/orogastric fluids | 3 (30%) | 1 (13%) | 6 (30%) | 3 (13%) | 0.41 |
| Antibacterial treatment | 9 (90%) | 7 (88%) | 17 (85%) | 19 (79%) | 0.92 |
| Antimalarial treatment | 8 (80%) | 6 (75%) | 14 (70%) | 15 (63%) | 0.80 |
| Ebola experimental treatment | 4 (40%) | 3 (38%) | 8 (40%) | 10 (42%) | 1.00 |
| Type of Ebola experimental treament | – | – | – | – | 0.78 |
| None | 6 (60%) | 5 (63%) | 12 (60%) | 14 (58%) | – |
| Remdesivir (GS-5734) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.0%) | 4 (17%) | – |
| Zmapp | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.2%) | – |
| mAb114 | 3 (30%) | 2 (25%) | 5 (25%) | 5 (21%) | – |
| REGN3470-3471-3479 | 1 (10%) | 1 (13%) | 2 (10%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Outcome at discharge | – | – | – | – | 0.09 |
| Death | 0 (0%) | 2 (25%) | 6 (30%) | 12 (50%) | – |
| Full recovery without sequelae | 6 (60%) | 5 (63%) | 11 (55%) | 9 (38%) | – |
| Unknown | 4 (40%) | 1 (13%) | 3 (15%) | 3 (13%) | – |
| 1 n (%) | |||||
| 2 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; NA | |||||
| Characteristic | Deceased N = 201 |
Recovered N = 311 |
p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at admission | – | – | 0.01 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 13.5 (3.0, 17.0) | 7.0 (0.0, 17.0) | – |
| Age Group | – | – | 0.07 |
| <2 | 0 (0%) | 6 (19%) | – |
| 2-5 | 2 (10%) | 5 (16%) | – |
| 5-12 | 6 (30%) | 11 (35%) | – |
| 12-17 | 12 (60%) | 9 (29%) | – |
| Gender | – | – | 0.47 |
| Male | 7 (35%) | 14 (45%) | – |
| Female | 13 (65%) | 17 (55%) | – |
| Patient occupation | – | – | 0.36 |
| Non-healthcare worker | 4 (80%) | 9 (53%) | – |
| Unknown | 1 (20%) | 8 (47%) | – |
| Is the patient pregnant? | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 1.00 |
| Bleeding | 4 (20%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0.19 |
| Fever | 17 (85%) | 27 (87%) | 1.00 |
| Diarrhoea | 7 (35%) | 7 (23%) | 0.33 |
| Ebola RDT | – | – | – |
| Not done | 17 (100%) | 25 (100%) | – |
| Admission Delay | – | – | 0.00 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 7 (1, 39) | 2 (0, 32) | – |
| Ct (lowest) | – | – | 0.00 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 19 (16, 29) | 27 (19, 40) | – |
| Result of GeneXpert PCR | – | – | 1.00 |
| Positive | 17 (100%) | 24 (96%) | – |
| Negative | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.0%) | – |
| Platelets (x10⁹/L) | – | – | 0.67 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 135 (106, 164) | 88 (88, 88) | – |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | – | – | 1.00 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 12.20 (10.60, 13.80) | 12.00 (12.00, 12.00) | – |
| Hyperkaliemia | 1 (5.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 1.00 |
| Hypokaliemia | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 1.00 |
| Renal impairment | 3 (15%) | 0 (0%) | 0.05 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 2 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0.15 |
| Severe hypoglycemia | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 1.00 |
| Oral/orogastric fluids | 2 (10%) | 9 (29%) | 0.17 |
| Antibacterial treatment | 17 (85%) | 26 (84%) | 1.00 |
| Antimalarial treatment | 13 (65%) | 21 (68%) | 0.84 |
| Ebola experimental treatment | 10 (50%) | 10 (32%) | 0.21 |
| Type of Ebola experimental treament | – | – | 0.02 |
| mAb114 | 3 (15%) | 7 (23%) | – |
| None | 10 (50%) | 21 (68%) | – |
| REGN3470-3471-3479 | 1 (5.0%) | 3 (9.7%) | – |
| Remdesivir (GS-5734) | 5 (25%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Zmapp | 1 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| 1 n (%) | |||
| 2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; NA; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test | |||
| Characteristic | Male N = 281 |
Female N = 341 |
p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at admission | – | – | 0.07 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 7.5 (0.0, 17.0) | 12.0 (0.0, 17.0) | – |
| Age Group | – | – | 0.15 |
| <2 | 6 (21%) | 4 (12%) | – |
| 2-5 | 3 (11%) | 5 (15%) | – |
| 5-12 | 12 (43%) | 8 (24%) | – |
| 12-17 | 7 (25%) | 17 (50%) | – |
| Patient occupation | – | – | 0.01 |
| Non-healthcare worker | 13 (93%) | 8 (47%) | – |
| Unknown | 1 (7.1%) | 9 (53%) | – |
| Is the patient pregnant? | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1.00 |
| Bleeding | 2 (7.1%) | 5 (15%) | 0.44 |
| Fever | 21 (75%) | 30 (88%) | 0.20 |
| Diarrhoea | 9 (32%) | 8 (24%) | 0.45 |
| Ebola RDT | – | – | – |
| Not done | 22 (100%) | 27 (100%) | – |
| Admission Delay | – | – | 0.86 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 4 (0, 28) | 4 (0, 39) | – |
| Ct (lowest) | – | – | 0.72 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 24 (16, 40) | 23 (16, 40) | – |
| Result of GeneXpert PCR | – | – | 1.00 |
| Positive | 24 (100%) | 26 (96%) | – |
| Negative | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.7%) | – |
| Platelets (x10⁹/L) | – | – | 0.67 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 164 (164, 164) | 97 (88, 106) | – |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | – | – | 0.67 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 10.60 (10.60, 10.60) | 12.90 (12.00, 13.80) | – |
| Hyperkaliemia | 2 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.20 |
| Hypokaliemia | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1.00 |
| Renal impairment | 1 (3.6%) | 2 (5.9%) | 1.00 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 2 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.20 |
| Severe hypoglycemia | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1.00 |
| Oral/orogastric fluids | 7 (25%) | 6 (18%) | 0.48 |
| Antibacterial treatment | 24 (86%) | 28 (82%) | 1.00 |
| Antimalarial treatment | 18 (64%) | 25 (74%) | 0.43 |
| Ebola experimental treatment | 9 (32%) | 16 (47%) | 0.23 |
| Type of Ebola experimental treament | – | – | 0.39 |
| None | 19 (68%) | 18 (53%) | – |
| Remdesivir (GS-5734) | 3 (11%) | 2 (5.9%) | – |
| Zmapp | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | – |
| mAb114 | 4 (14%) | 11 (32%) | – |
| REGN3470-3471-3479 | 2 (7.1%) | 2 (5.9%) | – |
| Outcome at discharge | – | – | 0.34 |
| Death | 7 (25%) | 13 (38%) | – |
| Full recovery without sequelae | 14 (50%) | 17 (50%) | – |
| Unknown | 7 (25%) | 4 (12%) | – |
| 1 n (%) | |||
| 2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; NA; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test | |||
\[ Ct_{ij} = \beta_0 + \beta_1 (\text{Time from Onset}_{ij}) + \beta_2 (\text{Outcome}_i) + \beta_3 (\text{Time from Onset} \times \text{Outcome}_i) + u_i + \epsilon_{ij} \]
These complications are inferred from laboratory results :
| Variable | Relative Risk (95% CI) | Direction |
|---|---|---|
| CT at Admission | 0.85 (0.74-0.98) | ⬇ |
| Chest Pain | 1.85 (0.63-5.4) | ↔︎ |
| Desorientation | 1.83 (0.76-4.41) | ↔︎ |
| Difficulty breathing | 1.07 (0.48-2.38) | ↔︎ |
| Myalgia / Body Pain | 2.02 (1.09-3.71) | ⬆ |
| Nausea/Vomiting | 1.34 (0.36-4.94) | ↔︎ |
EVD in Children - North Kivu 2019